Grade 6 math check with solutions pdf: Unlock the secrets and techniques to mastering sixth-grade math! This useful resource supplies a complete information to conquering these difficult issues, from basic arithmetic to thrilling explorations in geometry and likelihood. Put together for achievement with observe issues and detailed explanations. Get able to dive right into a world of mathematical wonders!
This complete information covers the core curriculum of Grade 6 math, offering examples of assorted query sorts and detailed options. From tackling phrase issues to mastering geometric shapes, you may discover all the pieces you must excel. We have included a various vary of issues, making certain an intensive understanding of important ideas and sensible purposes.
Introduction to Grade 6 Math Checks
Grade 6 math checks are designed to evaluate a scholar’s understanding of basic mathematical ideas and abilities. These checks sometimes consider a scholar’s proficiency throughout a variety of matters, from arithmetic to geometry, making ready them for extra complicated mathematical concepts in later grades. Success on these checks hinges on a stable grasp of core ideas, observe, and strategic problem-solving approaches.Grade 6 math is an important stepping stone in creating mathematical reasoning.
College students increase their information base, shifting past primary arithmetic to discover algebraic ideas and geometric figures. The curriculum goals to construct a robust basis for higher-level mathematical research. Understanding the format and content material of Grade 6 math checks empowers college students to arrange successfully and obtain their tutorial objectives.
Key Mathematical Ideas Assessed
A Grade 6 math check probes a scholar’s understanding of assorted core mathematical ideas. This contains arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) with entire numbers, decimals, and fractions. College students have to be comfy with performing these operations precisely and effectively. Fractions, decimals, and percentages are basic ideas; college students ought to be capable to convert between them and apply them to real-world situations.
An understanding of ratios and proportions can be crucial, enabling college students to match and analyze portions.
Mathematical Expertise Examined
Downside-solving abilities are extremely valued in Grade 6 math checks. College students are anticipated to use their mathematical information to unravel phrase issues, translating real-world conditions into mathematical equations. College students additionally must develop analytical abilities, discerning the mandatory info and eliminating extraneous particulars to achieve correct options. Crucial considering is crucial in figuring out patterns, relationships, and logical connections.
Lastly, the checks consider college students’ skill to symbolize mathematical concepts visually, using diagrams and graphs.
Query Sorts in Grade 6 Math Checks
Grade 6 math checks characteristic quite a lot of query sorts, making certain a complete evaluation of scholar talents. Phrase issues are ceaselessly used, requiring college students to use mathematical ideas to sensible situations. Computational questions assess the scholar’s proficiency in calculations involving numerous numbers and operations. Geometry issues, together with calculations of space, perimeter, and quantity of primary shapes, consider spatial reasoning and understanding of geometric ideas.
Significance of Observe Checks, Grade 6 math check with solutions pdf
Common observe checks are invaluable instruments for Grade 6 college students making ready for his or her math assessments. These checks present beneficial alternatives to determine areas needing enchancment and refine problem-solving methods. Constant observe permits college students to grow to be aware of the format and sorts of questions generally encountered within the checks. They assist college students achieve confidence and construct their understanding of mathematical ideas, thus enabling them to strategy precise checks with better assurance.
Comparability of Grade 6 Math Downside Sorts
Downside Sort | Description | Instance |
---|---|---|
Arithmetic | Entails primary operations with numbers. | Calculate 25 x 12 + 15. |
Algebra | Offers with unknown portions utilizing variables. | Resolve for x: 3x + 5 = 14. |
Geometry | Focuses on shapes, angles, and spatial relationships. | Discover the realm of a rectangle with size 8 cm and width 5 cm. |
Analyzing Downside-Fixing Methods: Grade 6 Math Take a look at With Solutions Pdf
Unlocking the secrets and techniques of math issues is not about memorizing formulation, it is about understanding learn how to strategy them. This entails quite a lot of methods, every with its personal distinctive strengths. Mastering these methods empowers you to sort out even the trickiest phrase issues with confidence.Downside-solving in math usually entails translating real-world situations into mathematical representations. Efficient methods contain extra than simply calculations; they demand cautious studying, considerate planning, and a willingness to discover totally different avenues.
A key ingredient is selecting the best technique for the precise drawback sort.
Downside-Fixing Methods in Grade 6 Math
Various kinds of math issues name for various methods. A vital side of mastering problem-solving is recognizing when a selected technique will probably be only. This understanding is crucial for college students to effectively and successfully strategy and resolve mathematical challenges.
- Drawing diagrams and creating visible representations. That is notably helpful for geometry issues, the place visualizing shapes and relationships could make the issue clearer. For instance, an issue about discovering the realm of a composite determine may be solved by drawing a diagram to divide the determine into less complicated shapes. This visible strategy aids in understanding the issue’s elements and relationships.
- Utilizing equations to symbolize relationships. Typically, phrase issues may be translated into mathematical equations. This entails figuring out the variables and their relationships in the issue assertion and writing an equation that precisely fashions the state of affairs. For instance, if an issue entails calculating the full value of things, the issue may be solved by creating an equation that considers the worth of every merchandise and the variety of gadgets bought.
- Working backward. This technique is particularly useful for issues that describe a sequence of occasions and ask for a price initially of the sequence. Beginning with the ultimate outcome and dealing backward step-by-step generally is a very efficient method. For instance, if an issue describes a sequence of reductions, working backward from the ultimate value will help you establish the unique value.
- Utilizing estimation and rounding. Estimation supplies a tough however fast technique to examine the reasonableness of a solution. It’s a helpful methodology for checking whether or not the reply to a fancy drawback is believable or if it wants additional evaluate. For instance, in an issue that entails calculating the full value of a lot of gadgets, estimation can shortly give a way of the approximate whole, enabling a scholar to examine if a calculated result’s near the anticipated worth.
Evaluating Downside-Fixing Approaches
Completely different methods have strengths and weaknesses. Choosing the proper one is determined by the character of the issue. Understanding these variations is essential for choosing probably the most environment friendly and efficient methodology.
Technique | Description | When to Use |
---|---|---|
Drawing diagrams | Visible illustration of the issue | Geometry issues, spatial reasoning |
Utilizing equations | Mathematical illustration of relationships | Issues involving portions and operations |
Working backward | Ranging from the tip outcome | Issues involving a sequence of steps |
Estimation | Discovering an approximate reply | Checking the reasonableness of an answer |
Making use of A number of Methods to a Complicated Downside
Typically, a single technique is not sufficient to unravel a fancy drawback. Combining totally different strategies can result in a extra full understanding and a extra correct answer. As an example, an issue that entails calculating the full value of a purchase order with a number of reductions would possibly require a mixture of working backward and utilizing equations. First, use working backward to seek out the worth after the preliminary low cost.
Then, use equations to seek out the full value after subsequent reductions. This mixed strategy is a strong problem-solving software.
Understanding Key Math Ideas
Grade 6 math is an important stepping stone in your mathematical journey. Mastering the foundational ideas will unlock doorways to extra complicated matters sooner or later. This part delves into the importance of key ideas like fractions, decimals, percentages, and ratios, highlighting their real-world purposes and interconnectedness.Fractions, decimals, percentages, and ratios usually are not simply summary symbols on a web page; they’re highly effective instruments for understanding and deciphering the world round us.
From dividing a pizza pretty to calculating reductions in a retailer, these ideas are continuously in play. Studying learn how to manipulate and apply these ideas will empower you to unravel issues effectively and make knowledgeable choices.
Fractions
Fractions symbolize components of a complete. Understanding their relationship to wholes is vital. Various kinds of fractions (correct, improper, combined) have distinct meanings and purposes. Equal fractions categorical the identical worth utilizing totally different numerators and denominators. As an example, 1/2 and a pair of/4 are equal fractions.
- Fractions are used to symbolize components of a complete, like a cake or a gaggle of things.
- Evaluating and ordering fractions entails discovering widespread denominators to find out which fraction is bigger or smaller.
- Including and subtracting fractions require widespread denominators, whereas multiplying and dividing fractions have distinctive guidelines.
- Changing between fractions, decimals, and percentages is crucial for problem-solving in numerous contexts.
Decimals
Decimals symbolize components of a complete, however in contrast to fractions, they use a base-ten system. Decimal place values are essential for understanding the magnitude of a quantity. Understanding decimal operations is prime for fixing on a regular basis issues, like calculating prices and measurements.
- Decimals prolong the idea of fractions to incorporate numbers with digits to the correct of the decimal level.
- Operations on decimals (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) comply with guidelines much like entire numbers, however with cautious consideration of the decimal level.
- Changing between fractions and decimals is crucial for problem-solving.
Percentages
Percentages categorical a quantity as a fraction of 100. They’re generally used to symbolize proportions or charges, comparable to reductions, taxes, and rates of interest. Percentages are very important for evaluating totally different values.
- Percentages symbolize a proportion of a complete.
- Changing between percentages, fractions, and decimals is essential for a lot of purposes.
- Calculating percentages of numbers is a standard utility in finance, statistics, and on a regular basis conditions.
Ratios
Ratios examine two portions. They describe the relative sizes of two or extra values. Ratios are sometimes used to explain relationships between portions. For instance, the ratio of boys to ladies in a category is perhaps 2:3. Understanding ratios helps in scaling recipes, maps, and different proportional conditions.
- Ratios examine two or extra portions, expressing their relative sizes.
- Ratios are sometimes expressed in simplified type, utilizing the bottom widespread denominator or widespread components.
- Ratios can be utilized to unravel proportions, that are equations that present equal ratios.
Connections Between Ideas
Fractions, decimals, percentages, and ratios are interconnected. As an example, a fraction may be expressed as a decimal or a proportion, and a ratio can be utilized to discover a proportion. Understanding these connections helps in fixing issues extra effectively. The power to maneuver between these representations is essential for problem-solving throughout numerous mathematical contexts.
Exploring Geometry in Grade 6
Grade 6 geometry introduces a captivating world of shapes, sizes, and spatial reasoning. This exploration goes past easy recognition, delving into the properties and relationships between totally different figures. Understanding geometry equips college students with invaluable instruments for problem-solving and significant considering, fostering a deeper appreciation for the world round them.Geometric ideas are basic to understanding the world round us.
From the intricate patterns in nature to the exact designs in structure, geometry performs an important function. Studying these ideas empowers college students to investigate and clear up issues in numerous fields, from artwork and engineering to science and on a regular basis life.
Key Geometric Subjects
Grade 6 geometry covers a variety of matters, constructing upon foundational information from earlier grades. College students will discover the properties of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes, together with their traits, measurements, and relationships. Understanding these ideas is crucial for progressing to extra complicated mathematical concepts in greater grades.
Properties of 2D Shapes
Understanding the properties of 2D shapes is essential for correct calculations and problem-solving. These shapes exist in a aircraft and are outlined by their sides, angles, and vertices. Triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons are central to this examine.
- Triangles: Triangles are polygons with three sides and three angles. Various kinds of triangles, comparable to equilateral, isosceles, and scalene, are distinguished by their facet lengths and angles. The sum of the inside angles of any triangle is all the time 180 levels.
- Quadrilaterals: Quadrilaterals are polygons with 4 sides and 4 angles. Differing types embrace squares, rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and rhombuses, every with distinctive properties relating to sides, angles, and symmetry.
- Polygons: Polygons are closed two-dimensional shapes shaped by straight strains. The variety of sides and angles defines various kinds of polygons. Common polygons have equal facet lengths and equal angles.
Properties of 3D Shapes
Three-dimensional (3D) shapes have size, width, and peak. Understanding their properties aids in calculating volumes and floor areas. Frequent 3D shapes embrace cubes, rectangular prisms, cylinders, cones, and spheres.
- Cubes and Rectangular Prisms: These shapes have flat faces and proper angles. Cubes have equivalent sq. faces, whereas rectangular prisms have rectangular faces. Understanding their dimensions is essential for quantity and floor space calculations.
- Cylinders: Cylinders have two round bases and a curved floor connecting them. Calculating the amount of a cylinder entails its peak and the radius of its round bases.
- Cones: Cones have a round base and a pointed apex (vertex). The amount of a cone is determined by its peak and the radius of its base.
- Spheres: Spheres are completely spherical three-dimensional shapes. The amount of a sphere is determined by its radius.
Geometric Formulation
Geometric formulation present a scientific technique to calculate areas, volumes, and different measurements of shapes.
Form | Components (Space) | Components (Quantity) | Instance |
---|---|---|---|
Rectangle | Space = size × width | N/A | A rectangle with size 5 cm and width 3 cm has an space of 15 sq cm. |
Triangle | Space = 1/2 × base × peak | N/A | A triangle with base 4 cm and peak 6 cm has an space of 12 sq cm. |
Circle | Space = πr2 | N/A | A circle with radius 2 cm has an space of roughly 12.57 sq cm. |
Dice | Space = 6s2 | Quantity = s3 | A dice with facet size 3 cm has a floor space of 54 sq cm and a quantity of 27 cubic cm. |
Space is the area enclosed by a two-dimensional form, and quantity is the area occupied by a three-dimensional object.
Geometric Downside-Fixing
Geometric issues usually contain making use of formulation and reasoning about shapes.
- Instance 1: Discovering the realm of a triangle with a base of 10 cm and a peak of 5 cm. Resolution: Space = (1/2) × 10 cm × 5 cm = 25 sq cm.
- Instance 2: Calculating the amount of an oblong prism with size 6 cm, width 4 cm, and peak 3 cm. Resolution: Quantity = 6 cm × 4 cm × 3 cm = 72 cubic cm.
Information Evaluation and Likelihood
Unlocking the secrets and techniques of knowledge and likelihood is like having a superpower! In Grade 6, you may be taught to make sense of data offered in numerous methods, from charts and graphs to tables. You may additionally find out how seemingly one thing is to occur, which is the essence of likelihood. This journey will empower you to investigate conditions and make knowledgeable choices primarily based on proof.
Decoding Information Representations
Information is available in many types, and realizing learn how to learn charts, graphs, and tables is vital to understanding the data they comprise. Every illustration gives a novel perspective on a set of knowledge. Understanding these codecs is essential for making knowledgeable choices and drawing correct conclusions.
- Charts: Charts visually show relationships between totally different classes or knowledge factors. Bar charts, for instance, use bars of various heights to match portions. Pie charts symbolize knowledge as slices of a circle, displaying proportions of the entire. Line graphs monitor adjustments in knowledge over time, revealing traits and patterns.
- Graphs: Graphs, like line graphs and scatter plots, visually symbolize relationships between two or extra variables. A scatter plot, as an example, shows knowledge factors on a coordinate aircraft, displaying doable correlations. Understanding the kind of graph helps you establish the character of the connection.
- Tables: Tables arrange knowledge in rows and columns, making it simple to match totally different values. A desk would possibly show the outcomes of a survey, offering a structured technique to perceive the collected info. Tables excel at presenting particular knowledge factors clearly and concisely.
Examples of Likelihood Issues
Likelihood is about quantifying the probability of an occasion occurring. Let’s discover some examples:
- Coin Toss: For those who toss a good coin, the likelihood of getting heads is 1/2, or 50%. It is because there are two equally seemingly outcomes (heads or tails).
- Cube Roll: When rolling an ordinary six-sided die, the likelihood of rolling a 3 is 1/6. There are six doable outcomes, and solely one among them is a 3.
- Drawing from a Bag: If a bag comprises 3 pink marbles and a pair of blue marbles, the likelihood of drawing a pink marble is 3/5. There are a complete of 5 marbles, and three of them are pink.
Calculating Chances
Calculating chances entails understanding the full variety of doable outcomes and the variety of favorable outcomes. A vital idea right here is that chances all the time vary from 0 to 1, inclusive.
Likelihood = (Variety of favorable outcomes) / (Whole variety of doable outcomes)
Information Illustration Interpretations
Understanding the assorted methods knowledge may be represented is essential. This is a desk showcasing widespread knowledge representations and their interpretations:
Information Illustration | Interpretation |
---|---|
Bar Graph | Evaluating portions of various classes. Taller bars symbolize bigger values. |
Pie Chart | Exhibiting proportions or percentages of a complete. Bigger slices symbolize bigger parts. |
Line Graph | Monitoring adjustments in knowledge over time. The slope of the road signifies the speed of change. |
Scatter Plot | Figuring out doable correlations between two variables. Factors clustered alongside a line counsel a robust relationship. |
Desk | Organizing knowledge in rows and columns for straightforward comparability and evaluation. Every cell holds a particular worth. |
Creating Observe Take a look at Construction

Let’s dive into crafting a stellar Grade 6 math observe check. This is not nearly numbers; it is about constructing confidence and mastering important abilities. A well-structured observe check supplies a unbelievable alternative to determine strengths and pinpoint areas needing further consideration. It is an opportunity to see how your understanding interprets into problem-solving.
Pattern Grade 6 Math Observe Take a look at
This observe check encompasses a variety of Grade 6 math matters, from basic arithmetic to extra complicated problem-solving. It goals to offer a sensible evaluation of your college students’ comprehension and utility of realized ideas.
Take a look at Questions
This part presents ten questions, every rigorously designed to evaluate a particular talent or idea. The questions are organized in a logical development, shifting from foundational to more difficult materials.
- Calculate the sum of 245 and 378.
- Subtract 123 from 890.
- Discover the product of 12 and 15.
- Divide 360 by 12. What’s the quotient?
- Establish the prime components of 30.
- A rectangle has a size of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm. Calculate its space.
- Resolve for ‘x’ within the equation: 3x + 5 = 14
- A triangle has sides of size 4 cm, 6 cm, and eight cm. What’s its perimeter?
- A bag comprises 3 pink marbles, 5 blue marbles, and a pair of inexperienced marbles. What’s the likelihood of randomly choosing a blue marble?
- A retailer has 25 apples, 15 oranges, and 10 bananas. What’s the ratio of apples to the full fruit?
Reply Key
The next desk supplies detailed solutions for every query, making certain readability and accuracy.
Query Quantity | Reply | Clarification |
---|---|---|
1 | 623 | 245 + 378 = 623 |
2 | 767 | 890 – 123 = 767 |
3 | 180 | 12 x 15 = 180 |
4 | 30 | 360 / 12 = 30 |
5 | 2, 3, and 5 | Prime components of 30 are 2, 3, and 5. |
6 | 40 sq cm | Space of a rectangle is size x width. 8 cm x 5 cm = 40 sq cm |
7 | 3 | 3x + 5 = 14. Subtracting 5 provides 3x = 9. Dividing by 3 provides x = 3. |
8 | 18 cm | Perimeter is the sum of all sides. 4 cm + 6 cm + 8 cm = 18 cm |
9 | 5/10 or 1/2 | There are 5 blue marbles out of a complete of 10 marbles. |
10 | 25/50 or 1/2 | There are 25 apples out of a complete of fifty items of fruit. |
Illustrative Examples
Unlocking the secrets and techniques of Grade 6 math issues is like deciphering a hidden code. Every drawback presents a novel problem, however with the correct strategy, you may discover the answer ready simply beneath the floor. These examples will information you thru the method, demonstrating learn how to sort out various situations.Fixing phrase issues requires extra than simply calculating; it calls for understanding the underlying ideas and translating the issue into mathematical language.
This part supplies clear examples and step-by-step explanations that will help you grasp the method. Let’s dive in and uncover the enjoyment of mathematical problem-solving!
Fractions and Decimals
Phrase issues involving fractions and decimals are widespread in Grade 6. They usually require changing between fractions and decimals or performing operations on them. Understanding these conversions is essential for fixing these issues effectively.
- Downside: A recipe calls for two/3 cup of sugar and 0.75 cup of flour. What number of cups of substances are wanted in whole?
- Resolution: First, convert the fraction 2/3 to a decimal. 2 divided by 3 is roughly 0.67. Then, add 0.67 to 0.75. 0.67 + 0.75 = 1.42. Due to this fact, a complete of 1.42 cups of substances are wanted.
- Reasoning: Changing fractions to decimals permits for simpler addition. The secret is recognizing the necessity for the conversion and performing it precisely.
- Steps: 1. Convert 2/3 to a decimal; 2. Add the decimal equal of the fraction to the given decimal; 3. Acquire the full quantity of substances wanted.
Ratio and Proportion
Ratio and proportion issues ceaselessly seem in Grade 6 assessments. These issues contain evaluating portions and establishing relationships between them.
- Downside: If 3 apples value $1.50, how a lot do 10 apples value?
- Resolution: The ratio of apples to value is 3 apples : $1.
50. To search out the price of 10 apples, arrange a proportion: (3 apples / $1.50) = (10 apples / x). Fixing for x, we get x = $5.00. Due to this fact, 10 apples value $5.00. - Reasoning: Establishing a proportional relationship between the variety of apples and their value permits for a direct calculation.
- Steps: 1. Decide the ratio of apples to value; 2. Arrange a proportion; 3. Resolve for the unknown variable (value of 10 apples).
Geometry
Geometry issues in Grade 6 usually contain calculating areas, perimeters, and volumes of assorted shapes. Understanding the formulation for these calculations is important.
- Downside: An oblong backyard has a size of 12 meters and a width of 8 meters. What’s the space of the backyard?
- Resolution: The components for the realm of a rectangle is Space = size × width. On this case, Space = 12 meters × 8 meters = 96 sq. meters. Due to this fact, the realm of the backyard is 96 sq. meters.
- Reasoning: Making use of the suitable components for the realm of a rectangle is essential for acquiring the right reply.
- Steps: 1. Establish the form and the given measurements; 2. Recall the components for the realm of a rectangle; 3. Substitute the values into the components and calculate the outcome.
Actual-World Functions of Grade 6 Math

Unlocking the secrets and techniques of the universe, or a minimum of the secrets and techniques of on a regular basis life, usually entails the surprisingly elegant language of math. From calculating your allowance to understanding the climate forecast, math is a strong software that empowers us to make sense of the world round us. Grade 6 math supplies a stable basis for this, equipping you with the talents to navigate real-world situations with confidence.Mathematical ideas aren’t confined to textbooks; they’re woven into the material of our every day lives.
This part explores how Grade 6 math ideas are very important for sensible problem-solving, fostering crucial considering, and empowering knowledgeable decision-making.
On a regular basis Calculations and Estimations
On a regular basis conditions ceaselessly demand calculations and estimations. Realizing learn how to carry out these duties successfully is essential for numerous facets of life. Estimating helps in fast assessments, and exact calculations provide accuracy the place essential. As an example, figuring out when you’ve got sufficient cash to purchase groceries requires an estimate. A exact calculation is perhaps wanted if you happen to’re monitoring your spending for a particular purpose.
- Grocery procuring: Estimating the full value of groceries helps you handle your finances successfully. Calculating the precise value, particularly when utilizing coupons or reductions, is crucial for making certain you are getting the most effective deal.
- Cooking and baking: Recipes usually contain exact measurements, utilizing fractions and decimals. Realizing these ideas lets you create excellent dishes, making certain the correct consistency and taste. A fast estimate helps guarantee you might have sufficient substances readily available.
- Sports activities and video games: Understanding ratios and proportions helps athletes optimize their efficiency. Estimating distances or calculating scores in numerous video games depends on these abilities.
Making use of Math to Downside-Fixing
Math is not nearly numbers; it is about fixing issues. Understanding the ideas coated in Grade 6 empowers you to sort out on a regular basis challenges. This course of usually entails a mixture of calculations, estimations, and significant considering. For instance, figuring out the most effective route to highschool or planning a finances entails making use of these abilities.
- Budgeting: Making a finances entails understanding percentages, decimals, and ratios. Calculating your bills and estimating your revenue is an important talent in managing your cash successfully. This usually entails making a finances and adjusting it as wanted.
- Time administration: Understanding time intervals, utilizing a clock, and calculating durations is crucial for planning your day. Estimating how lengthy duties will take helps prioritize actions and full them on time.
- Measuring and building: Realizing learn how to measure lengths, areas, and volumes is crucial in numerous actions, together with building, arts and crafts, and even designing your room. Exact measurements are essential for correct outcomes.
Bettering Choice-Making Expertise
Grade 6 math equips you with the talents to make knowledgeable choices in numerous facets of life. Understanding the relationships between portions and patterns helps analyze conditions extra successfully. This strategy improves your decision-making talents, empowering you to decide on the most effective plan of action. For instance, deciding on the most effective funding alternative requires understanding rates of interest, percentages, and returns.
- Analyzing offers: Understanding percentages and reductions helps you make knowledgeable choices about purchases. For instance, a 20% low cost on a $50 merchandise is $10 off, saving you cash.
- Selecting the most suitable choice: Evaluating totally different choices primarily based on components like value, time, and amount enhances your skill to make rational choices. For instance, evaluating costs of various merchandise will help you determine which one is the most effective worth.
- Evaluating dangers: Analyzing chances and dangers lets you make decisions that reduce potential unfavourable outcomes. For instance, if the prospect of rain is 80%, you would possibly select to convey an umbrella.